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Notation

This page defines the canonical symbols used throughout the mathematical formulation. Each symbol maps to a specific field or variable in the code.

Sets & Indices

Symbol Description Code
\(t \in \mathcal{T}\) Timesteps time dimension
\(p \in \mathcal{P}\) Periods (multi-period only) period dimension
\(f \in \mathcal{F}\) Flows flow dimension
\(b \in \mathcal{B}\) Buses bus dimension
\(s \in \mathcal{S}\) Storages storage dimension
\(k \in \mathcal{K}\) Effects (cost, CO₂, …) effect dimension
\(j \in \mathcal{K}\) Source effect (cross-effect) source_effect dimension

Variables

Symbol Code Domain Unit Description
\(P_{f,t(,p)}\) flow--rate[flow, time(, period)] \(\geq 0\) MW Flow rate
\(E_{s,t(,p)}\) storage--level[storage, time(, period)] \(\geq 0\) MWh Stored energy
\(\Phi_{k,t(,p)}^{\text{temporal}}\) effect--temporal[effect, time(, period)] \(\mathbb{R}\) varies Temporal (per-timestep) effect
\(\Phi_{k(,p)}^{\text{periodic}}\) effect--periodic[effect(, period)] \(\mathbb{R}\) varies Periodic (recurring) effect
\(\Phi_{k(,p)}^{\text{once}}\) effect--once[effect(, period)] \(\mathbb{R}\) varies One-time effect
\(\Phi_{k(,p)}\) effect--total[effect(, period)] \(\mathbb{R}\) varies Total effect per period
\(S_{f(,p)}\) flow--size[flow(, period)] \(\geq 0\) MW Flow capacity
\(y_{f(,p)}\) flow--size_indicator[flow(, period)] \(\{0, 1\}\) Binary invest indicator (flow)
\(S_{s(,p)}\) storage--capacity[storage(, period)] \(\geq 0\) MWh Storage capacity
\(y_{s(,p)}\) storage--size_indicator[storage(, period)] \(\{0, 1\}\) Binary invest indicator (storage)
\(\sigma_{f,t(,p)}\) flow--on[flow, time(, period)] \(\{0, 1\}\) On/off indicator
\(\tau^+_{f,t(,p)}\) flow--startup[flow, time(, period)] \(\{0, 1\}\) Startup event indicator
\(\tau^-_{f,t(,p)}\) flow--shutdown[flow, time(, period)] \(\{0, 1\}\) Shutdown event indicator
\(D^{\text{up}}_{f,t(,p)}\) uptime[flow, time(, period)] \(\geq 0\) h Consecutive uptime
\(D^{\text{down}}_{f,t(,p)}\) downtime[flow, time(, period)] \(\geq 0\) h Consecutive downtime

Parameters

Symbol Code Domain Unit Description
\(\bar{P}_f\) Flow.size \(\geq 0\) or \(\infty\) MW Nominal capacity
\(\underline{p}_{f,t}\) Flow.relative_minimum \([0, 1]\) Relative lower bound
\(\bar{p}_{f,t}\) Flow.relative_maximum \([0, 1]\) Relative upper bound
\(\pi_{f,t}\) Flow.fixed_relative_profile \([0, 1]\) Fixed profile
\(c_{f,k,t}\) Flow.effects_per_flow_hour \(\mathbb{R}\) varies Effect coefficient per flow-hour
\(\bar{E}_s\) Storage.capacity \(\geq 0\) MWh Storage capacity
\(\eta^{\text{c}}_s\) Storage.eta_charge \((0, 1]\) Charging efficiency
\(\eta^{\text{d}}_s\) Storage.eta_discharge \((0, 1]\) Discharging efficiency
\(\delta_s\) Storage.relative_loss_per_hour \([0, 1]\) 1/h Self-discharge rate
\(\underline{e}_s\) Storage.relative_minimum_level \([0, 1]\) Relative min SOC
\(\bar{e}_s\) Storage.relative_maximum_level \([0, 1]\) Relative max SOC
\(a_{f}\) Converter.conversion_factors \(\mathbb{R}\) Conversion coefficient
\(\alpha_{k,j}\) Effect.contribution_from \(\mathbb{R}\) varies Cross-effect factor (scalar)
\(\alpha_{k,j,t}\) Effect.contribution_from_per_hour \(\mathbb{R}\) varies Cross-effect factor (time-varying)
\(S^-\) Sizing.min_size \(\geq 0\) MW or MWh Minimum invested size (flow or storage)
\(S^+\) Sizing.max_size \(\geq 0\) MW or MWh Maximum invested size (flow or storage)
\(\gamma_{f,k}\) Sizing.effects_per_size \(\mathbb{R}\) varies Per-size investment cost
\(\phi_{f,k}\) Sizing.effects_fixed \(\mathbb{R}\) varies Fixed investment cost
\(D^{\text{up,min}}\) Status.min_uptime \(\geq 0\) h Minimum consecutive uptime
\(D^{\text{up,max}}\) Status.max_uptime \(\geq 0\) h Maximum consecutive uptime
\(D^{\text{down,min}}\) Status.min_downtime \(\geq 0\) h Minimum consecutive downtime
\(D^{\text{down,max}}\) Status.max_downtime \(\geq 0\) h Maximum consecutive downtime
\(r_{f,k,t}\) Status.effects_per_running_hour \(\mathbb{R}\) varies Running cost coefficient
\(u_{f,k,t}\) Status.effects_per_startup \(\mathbb{R}\) varies Startup cost coefficient
\(w_t\) weights \(> 0\) Timestep weight
\(\Delta t_t\) dt \(> 0\) h Timestep duration
\(\omega_p\) Dims.period_weights \(> 0\) Global period weight (multi-period only)
\(\omega^{\text{periodic}}_{k,p}\) Effect.period_weights_periodic \(> 0\) Per-effect weight for recurring domain
\(\omega^{\text{once}}_{k,p}\) Effect.period_weights_once \(> 0\) Per-effect weight for one-time domain

Naming Conventions

Convention Meaning Example
Uppercase Latin Decision variables \(P\) (power/flow rate), \(E\) (stored energy)
Lowercase Latin Relative/dimensionless parameters \(\underline{p}\) (rel. min), \(\bar{p}\) (rel. max)
Greek Physical properties \(\eta\) (efficiency), \(\delta\) (loss rate)
Overbar / underbar Bounds \(\bar{P}\) (capacity), \(\underline{P}\) (lower bound)
Subscripts Indexing \(f\) (flow), \(t\) (time), \(s\) (storage), \(b\) (bus), \(k\) (effect), \(j\) (source effect)
Superscripts Qualification \(\eta^{\text{c}}\) (charge), \(\eta^{\text{d}}\) (discharge)